Current and future cancer treatment is expected to be shaped and guided by the use of biomarkers that will guide researchers and physicians at every stage of development from the basic understanding of cell transformation to early cancer detection, to precision drug development, to long-term disease management. Historically, cancer treatment was empirical, driven mainly by the histology of the tumour and organs of origin, and how the average patient population responded to treatment. Brian Huber at ICON explains the recent Advances and Future Challenges of Using Biomarkers in Oncology Precision Medicine.