”Autoinflammatory” is a term used to describe a group of diseases that cannot be classified as immunological disorders. Autoinflammatory syndromes are a set of genetically diverse but clinically similar conditions caused by an exaggerated innate immune system response resulting in repeated episodes of spontaneous inflammation affecting multiple organs and manifesting as recurrent fever, mucocutaneous lesions, serositis and osteoarticular symptoms. Owing to their relatively recent identification and their low incidence rates, Bhanu Priya, Ivana Kocsicska and Mohamed El Malt at Europital discuss why it is believed that clinical cases are currently underdiagnosed and increased clinical awareness is required.