Continuous monitoring of safety and efficacy data in clinical trials is a fundamental component of modern clinical research. Because monitoring is complex and involves multiple stakeholders, including investigators, sponsors, contract research organisations (CROs) and other vendors, a structured and collaborative oversight process is essential to ensure timely identification and management of safety signals. Safety and efficacy review committees provide such oversight, ensuring objectivity and maintaining the scientific integrity of the clinical trial. Several types of such committees exist, with the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC), also known as the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), being the most commonly used.