The subject of Regenerative Medicine is currently at an inflexion point. There has been an enormous amount of financial investment, along with basic and clinical research, but despite these efforts, there is only one tried and tested the use of stem cells and that is bone marrow transplantation (using haemopoietic stem cells) which was first developed in 1957. The rest of Regenerative Medicine is currently confused with the identification of multiple stem cell types, many clinical trials but no real progress to a safe and effective routine stem cell-based procedure for any disease. Professor Peter Hollands will try to clarify if there is confusion or complacency around regenerative medicine.