The first reference to the creation and usefulness of a patient electronic medical record may have been the visionary writing of Robert Ledley and Lee Lusted in 1959, The Use of Electronic Computers to Aid Medical Diagnosis. The authors speculated about the use of computers to ‘record and recall desired aspects of a particular patient’s total medical record’ (Ledley & Lusted, 1959). Interestingly enough, points out Ben McGraw of Comprehend, the concerns of the authors around the validity of input information, the standarisation of coding procedures, and privacy and confidentiality more than 50 years later.